The ETW is considered the world's most advanced aeronautical wind tunnel center. Unlike conventional wind tunnels, it uses a flow of very low-temperature nitrogen (-163 °C) at a maximum pressure of 4.5 bar, simulating airflow around aircraft like the A380 in scale models. The cryogenic concept allows for very high Reynolds numbers, a crucial factor in airflow. It primarily determines the drag experienced by the aircraft and defines the type of flow—laminar or turbulent—experienced near the aircraft. Future aircraft designs aim to maintain laminar airflow at very high speeds to ensure minimal drag. Furthermore, the use of very cold nitrogen allows for independent variation of the Reynolds number, Mach number, and dynamic pressure, enabling the study of their effects separately.

 


Measuring all forces and moments affecting the scale model is fundamental to any wind tunnel test. To achieve this, six force sensors and six torque sensors are integrated into a device located at the rear of the model. To provide accurate data, it is important that these sensors are calibrated frequently, and this is done in ETW's calibration chamber at temperatures ranging from cryogenic to ambient. Here, twelve PACE 5000 instruments—six for forces and six for torques—are used to generate precise pressures, which are then converted into forces and moments using pneumatic force generators. The model's sensor elements are subjected to these loads. The precisely known loads are compared with the sensor output readings to derive accurate calibration coefficients.


The PACE 5000 is based on the highly reliable and field-proven Druck 520 platform, which ETW has previously used for various calibration tasks. However, the PACE 5000 incorporates state-of-the-art piezoresistive devices and offers significant improvements in overall accuracy, long-term measurement stability, and control performance.

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